Often the people who complained about the perceived
hot weather, you are not wrong because the data are indeed showed the planet
continues to experience alarming increase in temperature from year to year.
Advances in technology are rapidly evolving, many produce some sophisticated
products that it actually creates an atmosphere and environment that is not
environmentally friendly. Many office buildings and housing built makes the
least space for greening. Besides the many natural phenomena that tend to be getting
out of control lately. Ranging from flood, tornado, blowouts, until the
rainfall is erratic from year to year.
Be aware that all of these are natural signs that
indicate that our beloved planet is currently undergoing a process of damage
that leads to destruction. This is directly related to global issues more
intense lately discussed by the world community, namely Global Warming or
Global Warming.
Global Warming or Global Warming is the increase of
temperature average of the atmosphere, ocean and land Earth. At this time the
Earth is warming rapidly, which by scientists considered to be caused by human
activity. As a result of the heat of the earth that lead to high evaporation
and precipitation fell in erratic. The main cause is the burning of fossil
fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which releases carbon dioxide
and other gases that dikelan as a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere (Darsono,
1993).
The causes of global warming:
1. Greenhouse Effect
All energy sources that exist on Earth
comes from the sun. Most of the energy is in bentukradiasi short waves,
including visible light. When this energy on the Earth's surface, he turned on
the light into heat that warms the Earth. Earth's surface will absorb some of
the heat and reflect the rest. Some of this heat as long-wave infrared
radiation into space. However, some heat remains trapped in the earth's atmosphere
due to the accumulated amount of greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon
dioxide, and methane that become traps for this radiation.
These gases absorb and reflect radiation
emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat stored in the Earth's surface.
This happens repeatedly and resulted in an annual average temperature of the
earth continues to increase. These gases functioning as the glass in a
greenhouse. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere,
the more heat is trapped below. Actually, the greenhouse effect is very much
needed by all living things on earth, because without it, the planet would be
very cool. So that the ice will cover the entire surface of the Earth. However,
due to the amount of these gases in the atmosphere has been excessive, be a
consequence of global warming.
2. Effects Feedback
The effects of global warming-causing
agents are also influenced by various feedback processes that result. An
example is the evaporation of water. In the case of warming caused by
greenhouse gases such as CO2, warming will initially cause greater volumes of
water that evaporates into the atmosphere. Because water vapor is itself a
greenhouse gas, warming will continue and increase the amount of water vapor in
the air until it reaches equilibrium with the water vapor concentration. The
resulting greenhouse effect greater than the effect of CO2 alone. (Although
this feedback raises the absolute water content in the air, the relative
humidity of the air is almost constant or even fall because the air becomes
warm). This feedback can be reversed only slowly because of CO2 have longevity
in the atmosphere.
Feedback effects due to the influence of
clouds is the subject of current research. When viewed from below, clouds will
reflect infrared radiation back to the surface, thereby increasing the warming
effect. In contrast when viewed from above, the clouds will reflect sunlight
and infrared radiation into space, thereby increasing the cooling effect. Is
the net effect of heating or cooling depends on some specific details such as
the type and height of these clouds. These details are difficult to represent
in climate models, partly because the clouds are very small compared to the
distance between the boundaries of computational climate models (around 125 to
500 km for models used in the IPCC Fourth Report of view.
Another important feedback is the loss
of reflectance (albedo) by ice. When global temperatures rise, ice near the
poles melts at an increasing rate. Together with the melting of the ice, land
or water below opens. Both land and water has the ability to reflect light much
less when compared to ice, and consequently will absorb more solar radiation.
This will add to warming and causing even more ice to melt, causing a continuous
cycle.
Positive feedback due to release of CO2
and CH4 from the softening of frozen ground (permafrost) are other mechanisms
that contribute to warming. In addition, the ice that melts will also release
CH4 which also give rise to positive feedback. The ability of the oceans to
absorb carbon will also be reduced when he warmed up, this is caused by the
decline in the level of nutrients in the mesopelagic zone, limiting the growth
of phytoplankton diatoms rather than a carbon sink that low.
The impact of global warming facts lead to rising
sea levels, climate change, damage to organisms and ecosystems, and influence
on water availability and agriculture. The rise in the average temperature of
the earth is one of evidence for climate change. According to the IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) the average global temperature will
increase at a rate of 0.3 derat Celsius per decade. It is estimated for 2030 to
2050 the average global temperature rose 1.50 up to 4.5 degrees Celsius even be
50 in 2100.
This temperature rise resulted in glaciers on the
poles of the earth melts. Ice earth will melt into the sea water and add sea
level. If the CO2 concentration increases 2-4kali of current conditions in the
span of 100 years would raise sea level approximately 0.25 m.
We certainly realize how hot the temperature around
us lately. We can also see how no predictability arrival of the rainy season or
drought which resulted in losses for farmers because the growing season is
supposed to be done in the dry season turned out to rain. You can also look at
cases of extreme storms that have never hit areas in Indonesia terntentu. In
recent years we more often hit by storms that disrupt shipping and transport
either via sea or air.
The problem now is the high greenhouse gases as a
result of human activities that can affect the Earth's climate, causing global
warming (Global Warming). Therefore, global climate change affect the state of
nature as a whole must be maintained. It is time for the earth to be inhabited
rescued longer and comfortable. Many ways can be done to participate in saving
the planet, including refrigerators and air conditioners do not use the wok
freonnya made of the type of CFC, energy saving, no littering that can produce
methane gas, and process waste into compost. In addition, the diversification
of energy from renewable fuels (biofuels), greening around the house, and using
appropriate technology and environmentally friendly.
Now this has become a problem of global warming
along with the countries in the world, where global warming has an impact on
climate change and trigger a natural disaster such as a flood, tornado,
earthquake, and many other natural phenomena that can endanger human life
earth. UNFCCC as one UN agency spearheading a conference to discuss climate
change at that time was held in Bali. In fact, Emil Salim estimated that at
least 23 tidka uninhabited islands in Indonesia will be immersed in the last 10
years.
Actually attempts to anticipate natural phenomenon
caused by global warming is very easy to do, just how consciousness of mankind
in the world in preserving and saving the forest. No one seems if the
Indonesian government should firmly against illegal logging has been done by
people who are not responsible and concerned with personal gain. The government
also should immediately re-plan and carry out reforestation programs as he had
done in previous years. This program can be done by cooperating institutions
easily movable, such as holding military and police, as well as in the
countries in the world.
Re-use and Recycling if applicable, the energy saved
is enough to provide energy supply for 1.4 million homes, reducing 27,047 tons
of water pollution, saves 14 million trees, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions
by the equivalent of 3.8 million cars. And also use alternative transportation
to reduce carbon emissions.
We really need to begin to practice in daily life.
Do a gradual but consistent with our commitment. Hopefully human consciousness
in the world for protecting and preserving the environment has always
maintained, so that the effects of global warming can be reduced as soon as
possible.
